Newtonian constant of gravitation
UniversalMeasured
= 6.674 30(15) × 10−11 m3 kg−1 s−2
- Value
- 6.674 30 × 10−11 m3 kg−1 s−2
- Standard uncertainty
- 1.5 × 10−15 m3 kg−1 s−2
- Relative uncertainty
- 2.2 × 10−5 (22 parts per million)
- Status
- Measured
- Symbol
- Source
- CODATA 2022 via NIST · NIST entry
Use in a calculation
# Newtonian constant of gravitation, CODATA 2022 (NIST)
G = 6.6743e-11 # m^3 kg^-1 s^-2, standard uncertainty 1.5e-15
# SciPy: scipy.constants.physical_constants['Newtonian constant of gravitation']What it is
Sets the strength of gravity in Newton's law and in Einstein's general relativity. It is by far the least precisely known fundamental constant: gravity is so weak that laboratory measurements are hard, and results from different methods disagree with each other by more than their stated uncertainties.
Equations
- Newton's law of gravitation
- surface gravity of a body of mass M
- Planck length
In other units
| Unit | Value | |
|---|---|---|
| CGS (cm3 g−1 s−2) | 6.6743 × 10−8 |
Converted with ConstantID's unit table; digits are rounded to the precision of the value, and a long exact value is rounded only for display. The relative uncertainty is unchanged by conversion to an exactly defined unit.
How the value changed, 1998–2022
Each point is one CODATA adjustment, plotted as its difference from the 2022 value; the bars show one standard uncertainty (an arrowhead means the bar runs off the chart).
Relative uncertainty
| CODATA | Value (uncertainty) | Relative uncertainty | Change from previous |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2022 | 6.674 30(15) × 10−11 | 2.2 × 10−5 | +0.0 σ of 2018 |
| 2018 | 6.674 30(15) × 10−11 | 2.2 × 10−5 | +0.7 σ of 2014 |
| 2014 | 6.674 08(31) × 10−11 | 4.6 × 10−5 | +0.3 σ of 2010 |
| 2010 | 6.673 84(80) × 10−11 | 1.2 × 10−4 | −0.7 σ of 2006 |
| 2006 | 6.674 28(67) × 10−11 | 1.0 × 10−4 | +0.1 σ of 2002 |
| 2002 | 6.6742(10) × 10−11 | 1.5 × 10−4 | +0.1 σ of 1998 |
| 1998 | 6.673(10) × 10−11 | 1.5 × 10−3 |
“Change from previous” is the shift in the value divided by the standard uncertainty of the previous adjustment. Earlier values are converted into the current unit where NIST changed it (for example J s to J Hz⁻¹).